Optimization And Enhancement Of Hybrid Cooling System

OPTIMIZATION AND ENHANCEMENT OF HYBRID COOLING SYSTEM Makkala Anil kumar 1, D. Muralidhar Yadav 2, M.Mastanaiah3 1M.Tech Student, 2 Associate Professor, 3 Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering DR.SAMUEL GEORGE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY MARKAPURAM-523316, PRAKASAM DIST, ANDHRA PRADESH ABSTRACT An alternative is to use air as the cooling medium but their performance drops in hot weather conditions. Maximization of overall efficiency is as vital as the cost and availability of water. Therefore there is a need to integrate the technologies of air cooled and water cooled condensers. This paper will focus on parallel condensing where steam from the turbine is ducted in parallel to both air cooled and water cooled condensers. To optimize the parallel condensing capacities of air cooled and water cooled condensers considering parameters such as ambient temperature, pressure, availability of water, fan power, pumping costs. Keywords: Optimization; Enhancement; Hybrid Cooling System; 1.0 INTRODUCTION Exhaust steam from the steam turbine is separated into two streams. One stream flows into a water cooled surface condenser while the other is directed to an air-cooled condenser. The heated cooling water is cooled as it flows through a cooling tower, where air is forced through the tower by mechanical or natural draft. Fig .1 Condensate from the water cooled andShow MoreRelatedInformation Technology : A New Generation Of Sql1596 Words   |  7 Pageswhen needed, such as mission-critical transactional workloads. The two methodologies Hybrid automated decision making supports SQL and NoSQL IBM Informix determines if you are dealing with a JSON Collection or a SQL tables and processes the operations appropriately. Thus IBM Informix’s ability to access JSON documents and/or SQL tables within the popular MongoDB APIs provides the foundation for a single hybrid application to span all of the enterprise data. Enterprise level performance The IBMRead MoreComputer Computing Services Over Internet3253 Words   |  14 Pagesvirtualized computing services over internet [1]. In model, a third party provider gives hardware, software, servers, storage and other infrastructure components on behalf of its users. Providers also host user’s applications and handle tasks including system maintenance, backup and resiliency planning. Environments include the automation of administrative talks, dynamic scaling, desktop virtualization and policy based services. Leading service providers are amazon web services, windows azure, GoogleRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesNew York ß Oxford University Press 2006 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerningRead MorePublic Fe Reference Handbook.Pdf46179 Words   |  185 Pages10% VIII. Process Design and Economic Optimization 10% IX. Computer Usage in Chemical Engineering 5% X. Process Control 5% EXAM SPECIFICATIONS—CHEMICAL 5 XI. Safety, Health, and Environmental 5% 6 EXAM SPECIFICATIONS—CHEMICAL AFTERNOON SESSION IN CIVIL ENGINEERING (60 questions in 9 topic areas) Approximate Percentage of Test Content 11% Topic Area I. Surveying II. Hydraulics and Hydrologic Systems 12% III. Soil Mechanics and Foundations Read MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesCONTENTS: CASE STUDIES CASE STUDY 1 Midsouth Chamber of Commerce (A): The Role of the Operating Manager in Information Systems CASE STUDY I-1 IMT Custom Machine Company, Inc.: Selection of an Information Technology Platform CASE STUDY I-2 VoIP2.biz, Inc.: Deciding on the Next Steps for a VoIP Supplier CASE STUDY I-3 The VoIP Adoption at Butler University CASE STUDY I-4 Supporting Mobile Health Clinics: The Children’s Health Fund of New York City CASE STUDY I-5 Read MoreQuality Improvement328284 Words   |  1314 Pagesnumber of trees cut each year does not exceed the amount of new growth. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright  © 2009 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permissionRead MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 Pagesrequirements are satisfied. A) Wants; needs B) Demands; wants C) Needs; wants D) Needs; demands E) Demands; needs Answer: C Page Ref: 9-10 Objective: 3 Difficulty: Easy 24) When Frank buys his own house, he would like to have a home theater system and a jacuzzi. He plans to save enough money in the next three years so that he can fulfill his wish. Franks desire for the home theater and the jacuzzi is an example of a(n) ________. A) need B) want C) demand D) unstated need E) latent demand Read MoreReport on Oil and Gas Industry in Pakistan81517 Words   |  327 PagesInvestment Planning, and Financing ...............................................57 Annex 5: Regulation of the Gas Sector Institutional Aspects..........................................................................65 Annex 6: Access to the Gas Pipeline System ...................................................................................................81 Annex 6, Appendix 1: Access to Network Infrastructure: The International Experience .............................89 Annex 7: The Pricing of NaturalRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesCosts 6.4 Activity duration estimates (.3) 6.4.2 Estimating tools (.1.3.4) 6.3.1 Identifying resources 7.1 Activity cost estimates (.2.3.4.5) 5.1.2.4 Delphi method Chapter 6 10.5.3 Cost/schedule system (.1) 6.6 .2.1 Time performance 7.2.3.1 Cost baseline development 7.3.2.1 Earned value system (F.4) 7.3.2.4 E.V., performance status report 7.3.2.2 E.V., forecasts 7.3.2.3 EV., to complete index (EAC) 7.3.2.5 Schedule and cost variance Developing a Project Plan 4.2.2 Planning tools 6.2 Sequence

Forensic Toxicology and Dermal Sensitization †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Forensic Toxicology and Dermal Sensitization. Answer: As a toxicologist assigned to determine whether a novel chemical has the capability of dermal sensitization production, I will use the following steps to explain how I would test for dermal sensitization. In undertaking this task, I will also present an explanation for the model/test system I would further provide a brief description of how the test is run and how the results are interpreted. To undertake this assignment, I have chosen the Guinea Pig Maximization Model because it is easy to use and has been previously effective in testing the production of dermal sensitization. GPMT Overview At least ten animals are utilized in treatment cohort and a minimum of 5 animals are used in control cohort/twenty-test and ten-control animals. Induction is then undertaken originally on skin of shoulder area with 3 intradermal injections on day zero. Control animals also receive 3 intradermal injections, however, only vehicle is utilized in place of test substance. Five to seven days later animal skin is smeared with 0.50 mL of ten percent sodium-lauryl-sulfate in Vaseline. This painting is done to create a local irritation, twenty-four hours later, test substance is applied for 48 hours under occlusion (Varns et al., 2016)). Challenge is then undertaken on twentieth-twenty-second day with reapplication of patches for twenty-four hours and assessment of results done at 48 hours and 72 hours following challenge. Magnusson and Kligman grading scale is then utilized for evaluation. Zero equal no observable change, one equals discrete/patchy erythema, two equals moderate and confluent erythema while three indicates intense erythema and swelling. Aim: To establish the sensitizing prospective of a test article when it is dermally applied. The test conforms to the established OECD Guideline 406 and EPA-OCSPP 870.2600 standards. Principle: The contact dermal sensitization remains an immunological procedure whereby a host animal, via recurrent skin-exposure, needs a particular allergic-sensitivity to a substance. Guinea Pig Maximization (GPMT) model will have the contact dermal sensitivity being demonstrated as a surged erythema. Test Overview: The following sections generally details briefly how the Guinea Pig Maximization Model is used to undertake and interpret the dermal sensitization test and results respectively. Typical Testing Time: Approximately ten wees encompassing pre-test, central test and reporting times. Induction Stage: In the 1st induction stage, it will encompass a manifold intradermal injections to test using twenty animals. I will use an adjuvant (fifty percent Freunds Complete Adjuvant; FCA), the test article (TA) alongside the mixture of TA and FCA. I will administer the mixture to the dorsum (clipped free of hair) in duplicate 0.10-ml injections (Sato, Yuta Kusaka, 2017). I will select TA concentration that does not yield local ulceration/necrosis. The TA concentration I choose will also be free from systemic toxicity. I will then treat Ten Vehicle Group animals identically with an exemption of replacing vehicle for the TA. I will then examine the treated sites of every animal and score them at twenty-four-and forty-eight hours following the injections (Hamada, Bruze, Zimerson, Isaksson Engfeldt, 2017). After 7 days, I will apply the 2nd induction which is applied administered topically via the application of a TA-saturated two-centimeter by four-centimeter section of the Whatman No. one filter paper over the past already injected intradermal sites clipped free of hair for forty-eight hours as an obstructed exposure. I will tolerate TA concentration in the similar manner, however, this time using the vehicle. I will then examine the treated sites of every animal and score them at forty-eight hours following patch application. Challenge Phase: After the fourteenth day following the topical induction, I will topically challenge the animals in both Vehicle Group and TA Group over a twenty-four, occluded exposure. I will do this by applying a two-centimeter by 2-centimeter section of Whatman number one filter paper saturated with the uppermost non-irritating TA concentration on left flank. I will apply vehicle in similar manner as TA. And I will also apply patch to right flank of every animal. I will then examine and score the challenge sites after twenty-four hours and forty-eight hours following the removal of patch (Lewandowski Cohen, 2016). Interpretation: I will regard a score of one/greater than 1 for redness in the GPMT a positive response. I will determine sensitization prospective on the basis of proportion of the animals showcasing a positive reaction. A 6-animal screening study is appropriate in determination of the suitable induction (topical and intradermal) and challenge (topical) concentrations. References Hamada, H., Bruze, M., Zimerson, E., Isaksson, M., Engfeldt, M. (2017). Factors Affecting the Concentration of Diphenylmethane-4, 4-Diisocyanate in Freunds Complete Adjuvant. Can They Affect the Outcome of the Guinea-Pig Maximization Test?. Journal of Clinical Experimental Dermatology Research, 8(4). Lewandowski, T. A., Cohen, J. M. (2016). Skin sensitization risk assessment: Considering available data for weight of evidence assessments. Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology: RTP, 82, 186-187. Sato, K., Yuta, K., Kusaka, Y. (2017). Skin Sensitization Model Based on Only Animal Data by Qualitative Structure-Toxicity Relationships (QSTR) Approach. In Allergy and Immunotoxicology in Occupational Health (pp. 93-101). Springer Singapore. Varns, K., Finnema, S. J., Stepanov, V., Takano, A., Tth, M., Svedberg, M., ... Halldin, C. (2016). Neurokinin-3 Receptor Binding in Guinea Pig, Monkey, and Human Brain: In Vitro and in Vivo Imaging Using the Novel Radioligand,[18F] Lu AF10628. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 19(8).